LONEITUTE THIAN
Loneitu Hriat Tur Puanchhuahna
Loneitu Hriat Tur Puanchhuahna
‘Buh thar rang chin dan’ kan sawi dawn a, ngun takin i zir ang u. Buh thar rang chin dan han tihah chuan a chinna tur lo buatsaih lawk dan te, a chin hunte leh thil tul dangte kan theih chin kan sawi tel ang.
Buh thar rang han tih chuan ‘Tai’ kan tih ang ho hma taka thar thei tihna a ni mai a. Buh hi a thar ran leh thar tlai a zirin chi thum a then a ni ber a, thar rang, thar tlai leh an inkar ami a laihawl te an ni. Thar rang zingah pawh thar rang zual a awm a, chutiang chu Agriculture tawngah chuan ‘Superfast variety’ tih a ni a. Scientist te thiamna a sang zel a, tunah phei chuan ni 68 leh 70 vela thar theite pawh chin tur a awm ta. Amaherawhchu, kan hriattur pakhat a awm, thlai reng reng a thar hma zual leh thar tlai zual hi a hlawk tak tak phak lo fova, chuvangin thil dang vang a nih loh chuan thar hma zual leh thar tlai zual te ai hian a inkar vel a mi hi thlang ila kan tifuh tlang zawk ang. Thil pakhat kan hriat tul tak a la awm a, chu thar hlawk leh thar hlawk lo a ni. Buh thar rang leh thar tlai zingahte pawh khan a thar hlawk chi leh a thar hlawklo chi an awm leh a, chuvangin thar rang leh thar hlawk kha kan rilruin tinzawn nghal sela a tha awm e.
Chutichuan, buh thar rang ching tura kan hriat turte i han sawi dawn teh ang.
SIK LEH SA
Mizoram boruak leh ruahtui tla hi buh chinna atan a tlak tih kan hria a, mahse, a boruak hi a lum vak loh avang hian phai khawlum a an thar ran dan ang chu a phak thei lo. Ni 15 atanga ni 30 laiin a thar tlai phah thei. A thu hrimah buh hian boruak lum leh hnawng a mamawh a. Boruak lum leh duh anga tui pek tur awmna bakah ni eng tam tawk hmuh theihna hmun hi buh chin nana duhthusam a ni. A chi kuitiah atanga a thar thlenga a boruak mamawh dan chu 21°C leh 37° C inkar a ni. A pen laiin boruak a duh lum deuh a, a par laiin 26.5°C leh 29.5°C inkar a lum nise a tha. A hmin atanga a seng thlengin 20°C- 25°C a tawk. Buh thar rang anih avangin sik leh sa a mamawh danah a danglam hran vak lo.
CHINNA LEILUNG :
Thar rang chinna tur a nih avangin leilung duh zawng a danglam chuang lo. Tui pawm thei tak, tlak lei lampang, clay an tihte leh tlak lei leh sawntlung lei inpawlh te, hnimhnah tawih leh ran zun leh ek awm tamna hi duhthusam a ni. Leithur lam a duh zawk avangin pH 5.5 leh 6.5 inkar a tha ber. Chutih laiin Mizoram lei hi pH 4.1 leh 5.8 inkar a ni a, hengte hian Mizoram leilung hi buh chinna tlak a ni tih a entir a ni.
A CHINNA TUR LEILET BUATSAIH DAN :
Buh thar rang chinna tura buh hmun lo ruahman lawk thu hlaah thar rang chinna anih avangin engmah a danglam lo. Thal laiin ft. 1 emaw chu aia thuk deuhin emaw lei lo let lawk ila a tha. Hetia lei leh hian rannung buh tana chimawm tak tak ten leia tui an phum te, hnim leh a zung leh phawhte kha nisain a em a, chu chu an thih phah a, an thih em loh pawhin an kiam phah thei hle thin a, a tangkai hle a, hlo a awl a, buh pawhin a ngeih. Buh seng zawh veleh hian lei let thei ila chu lei kawi a awlsam bik. Lei chu tuia chimtir a tha; a nih loh vek pawhin hnawng taka vawn tum tur. Hei hian buhsi leh buhkung a lo chiah tawih ang. Lei kawi hi buh phun hma chawlhkar hnih vela tan a tha bawk. Chumi hma chuan bialtlang lo bel fel vek tur a ni. Hetia leilet tuitling chunga kawi hi buh tan a tangkaiin a pawimawh em em, a chhan chu kan hnim leh thluk te kha leiin a chilh nghal a, hlo lo tiak zel tur nasa takin a tikiam bawk. A tul phawt chuan kut nen pawha hlo thlawh nghal zel mai tur. Kan leilet te chu rual taka tuiin a chim theih nan rualrem leh inzawl tha tawkin kan hnutchhiah tur a ni. Rual taka tuiin a chim hian rual takin tui a pek theih a, buh phun hlimin a than that phah bawk. Leileh leh a kawi hi kan taima tawk lo fo. Kan tih uluk apiangin hlo a awl a, buh pawhin a ngeih zawk tih hriat theuh a tha. Khawl hmanga lei leh hi a chakin a sam a, a hna a tha zawk bawk a, a man a tlawm a, a hlawk. Kum 3 kum 4 danah nidang aia thuka lei leh thin tur.
Kan buhte chu green manure sunhemp, dhaincha, behlawi leh a dang hmang a kan chawm dawn chuan lei leh lai hian kan let tel nghal tur a ni. Green Manure chu hnim emaw thlai emaw lei ti]ha thei, thlai chawmna atan leileta kan chin thin hi a ni. A no laia leia leh hnan tur a ni. Ran zun leh ek leh chutiang lam leithate pawh hetih hun lai hian leiah leh pawlh tur a ni. Tin, leichi kan tih mai thin, fertilizers pawh lei kawi hnuhnung ber ruala pek tur a ni. Rual takin Nitrogen kan pek tur zatve leh phosphorus leh potash zawng zawng pek nghal nise, leiah feet chanve velah hrutpil nghal tur a ni.
Ruah vantla ringa buh thar rang kan ching dawn anih pawhin buh tuh hmain a chunga sawi tak ang khan kan lo inbuatsaih lawk tur a ni. Ruah vantla ringa lo neih hian hnim hi a hautak duh bik hle a, theihtawp chhuah a lei pawh leh uluk a ngaih bik a ni.
BUH CHI DAWI DAN :
Buh chi hrisel leh to thei ngei chauh kan kûi emaw kan tuh tur a ni. Damdawi hmanga tih thianghlim ngei chin a tha. Tihthianghlim sa a nih loh chuan Thiram 75% emaw Carbendazim 50% WP emaw Ceresan emaw hman tur. Damdawia bualsa buh chi ngei hmang turin sorkar pawhin min phut tlat a ni.
Source : Lalthanzuala
MSc.(Ag) ,Agro, PG Dip.Agmark
Thlai chin dan
Department of Agriculture (Crop Husbandry)
Mizoram
Page No : 5 -25
First Edition-2011
BUH CHI KÛI DAN :
Ruah vantla ringa chin tur a nih chuan a hrang a hraia buh chi kuang siama phun sawn tur anga buh chi kûi hranpa a ngai lo. Leiletah emaw lovah emaw chuan kan theh loh vek pawhin buh chi thlakna ‘Seed drill’ hmangin buh chi an thlak mai thin. Tuthlawh hmangin a tuh theih bawk.
Leileta phunsawn turte erawh chu buhchi kuang siamin an kûi tiak te te a, a hunah leilet kawi saah an phun sawn thin. A nih loh vek pawhin chutiang leilet buatsaih saah chuan buhchi uingho sa kha an theh thin. Buhchi uingho sa kûi emaw theh emaw hi a thang chak bik. Chutianga dah uingho tur chuan tuia chiaha up a ngai. Tleng emaw tin emaw a dah a, a pil vek thlenga tuia leih tur a ni. Chawh leh a buhsi leh a chi thalo lo lang zawng kha paih vek tur a ni. Chumi zawhah tui thianghlima silfai leh phawta ip fai leh hnawnga thunin daihlima dah that tur a ni. Darkar 12 dana chawh leha, tui a theh sek sek a tha. Hetiang hian darkar24-36 chhung enkawl a ngai.
Buhchi kuang siamna hmun hi hulhar leh awihtlan deuh, ruahtui inpaihral mai theihna, lei sanghet vak lo leh leitha si hmunah ni thei si duhthusam a ni. Tin, buhchi kûi dan kawng hrang pathum a awm a. Pakhatna chu leilet zawlah chikuang siama tui nena kûi a ni a, a pahnihna chu lei vur pawna chikuang siama kûi a ni (hei hi Dry bed method an ti), a pathumna chu hmun rualrem deuhah emaw cement chhuatah emaw changel hnah leh silpauline phahin hmanhmawh thila kûi a ni (hei hi Dapog method an ti). A tul dan leh a remdan a zirin a khawi ber emaw hi zawm theih a ni. Hectare 1 hmuna phun tur kûi nan buhchi kuang sq. metre 500 vela lian a tawk. Kûi tlai deuhin buhchi kûi a ngai tam deuhva, chuvangin sq. metre 750-1000 a zau hman a ngai. Buh fang sin deuh a nihin hetiang buhchi kuangah hian kg 30-35 kui ila, a fang a len deuh chuan kg 40-45 kûi a tawk ang. Buhchi kuang sq. metre 10 a zauvah urea 225 gm emaw Amm. Sulphate 1/2 kg emaw single superphosphate 1/2 kg emaw pek a tha.
Dapog nursery a buhchi kûi hi phun a tling rang a, a kûi nan hmun a awh lova, hmanhmawh thilah pawh a tha viau. Hectare khat hmuna phun tur kûi nan sq. metre 25-30 a tawk. Hetianga kûi hi chu a ningnel deuhva, dimdawi a ngai bik.
Buhchi kûina tur chu hmun rualrem laiah nise, leilet zawlah emaw cement chhuatah emaw lei inchi hnih-thum emaw leka chhun pawna siam tur a ni a. Metre khat bialah buhchi kg 3 a kûi theih tawk vel. Buh chi kuang pawh metre 1½ a zau nise sawisak a nuam tawk, a sei zawng chu a remdan ni se. Lei chhun pawn chu changel hnah hih emaw thelretpuan emawa uluk taka khuh tur a ni, hmawlhtea kilh ngheh a tha. Buhchi uingho sa darkar 36 atanga 28 a upa chu changel hnan emaw thelretpuan emaw chungah chuan panrual takin dah darh tur a ni a, metre khat bialah kg 3 vel a tawk kan tih tawh kha. Mahse, nem na vak suh ang che. Hei hi tuiin dim taka theh thin tur a ni a, nikhata vawi 3 atanga vawi 4 vel theh a tawk a, buhchi kuang tihnawng tawk turin ni 4 chhung vel hetia theh hi angai. Hei baka kan hriattur chu chumi hnuah inchi 1 vela chim thei tura tui pek reng tawh tur. Ni 4 chhung vel kut emaw thingphek hmang emaw a dim taka buhchi chu nem thin tur a ni, chutichuan, buhchi in tui a hip tha thei a, savate lakah a him bawk. Buhchi chi chu kûi hnu ni 11-14 chhung lekin phun a tling a, phun dawnin pawh loh tur. A sawisak nuam tawk tura then a buhchi kha a zung pawnlama lawr tura siam mai a tha. A phunna tur hmunah a zung inphuar vel kha dim taka pawh then a ngai a, bi khatah buhchi 3 emaw 4 emaw a phun tur. Hetiang buhchi hi tuia uluk taka chawm a ngai bik tih hriat a tha.
BUH PHUN SAWN :
A tlangpui thuin a pen thlengin buh hian ni 20 a duh a, a buh a zirin ni 5 vel in a peng hma emaw a peng tlai zawk emaw a ni thei. Tin, a tiah atanga ni 25 leh 55 inkar hi a pen hun chhung a ni leh a, a vuipu tur leh hlawk deuh chu ni 35 chhunga pengte hi an ni. Tin, hemi hnu ni 30 chhung zawng hi reproductive phase an ti a, chu chu a vuih leh a par hun chhung a ni. Ni 30 chhung vel bawk a hmin hun atan a duh leh a. Hei hi ni 135 chhunga thar thei anga hisapa chhut a ni. A thar ran leh tlai dan a zirin buhchi phun sawn hun a danglam thin.Chuvangin hetiang deuh hian kal ila a tha ang.
Ni 120 a thar chu ni 25 a upa a niha phun sawn tur.
Ni 135 a thar chu ni 32 a upa a niha phun sawn tur.
Ni 150 a thar chu ni 35 a upa a niha phun sawn tur.
Heng aia hma pawhin phun sawn theih a ni a, dim tak leh him taka kan phun sawn thei a nih chuan a hma lam apiang a tha zawk a, a chunga kan tarlan te pawh hi a upa lam sawi nan hmang ila a dik tawh zawk ang. Buh thar rang zual Heera, Kalinga III leh Annada te hi chu ni 15 vel a nihin phun sawn ngei ngei tur a ni.
Buh thar ran lam kan sawi hian chi kuanga a awm lai chhut tel vek a ni. A hma lama phun sawn hun kan sawi baka kan hriat tur chu buh chiin hnah 4 emaw 5 emaw a neihin phun sawn a hun tlangpui bawk. Phun sawn tlai hian a peng tlem a, a vui thuai bawk si a, a thar tlem phah thin. Buh chi kan pawh hian dim hle tur a ni a, rial rei lova phun sawn nghal mai hi duhthusam a ni, a nung zui a, a than a chawl lo bik.
Duhthusamah chuan thar rang hi chawlhkar 3 atanga 3½ a upa a nihin phun sawn a hun a, tihdan dang leh chu buhchi inches 8 atanga 10 vela sang a nihin phun sawn a hun.
Buhchi chu pawh atanga a rang lama phun a tha a, bi khatah zai hnih emaw zai thum emaw phun ila a tawk. Buh chi a upat deuh chuan phun tam ve deuh mai tur. Bi khatah zai 5 emaw zai 6 emaw phunin a tawk ve leh mai. Buh kan phunin inches 1 ½ baka thuka phun tur a ni lo, a chhan chu phun thuk hian buh a peng tlai a, a peng pawh a tlem zawk. Duh tawk a buh kung bit kan neih theih dawn chuan a tlara phun kher a ngailo. Metre khat bialah buh kung 50 tal awm thei se chu duhthusam a ni. A theih hram chuan a tlara phun hi tum tur a ni thung, buh bi a kim duh bik a, hlo thlawh pawh a awl zawk.
Tunlai hian hlawhfa man te a lo san tak avangin buh phun sawn tura chin kher hi a buaithlak chin a lo awm ta bawk. Hmun hrang hrangah Scientist-ten enchhinna a an hmuh angin uluk taka hlo thlawh a, tha taka enkawl chuan phun sawn lova buh chin hi phun sawna chin nen a hlawk lam a inang reng. Kan sawi tawh angin phun sawn lova buh chin tih chu buhchi thlakna hmanrua leilehnaa vuaha buhchi tlar mai te, buhchi uingho sa leilet buatsaih saa theh mai te a ni.
LEI THA LEH A PEK DAN :
Ran ek leitha emaw hnimhnah up tawih leitha emaw quintal 100-150 vel buh hmun hectare khata zauvah buh phun hma chawlhkar 4 leh 6 inkar vela pek a tha. Fertilizer pek chungchang hi buh chinna lei that dan a thute, kum hmasa lama thlai lo chin tawhte leh leitha dang pekin a rel hle. Chuvangin leitha pek dawnin kan lo lei, buh chinna tur hmun chu kan enfiahin kan hrechiang phawt tur a ni. Fertilizer pek hi fur buh aiin thlasik buhin a thatpui zawk. Tin, buh thar hlawk (HYV) chiin a hlawkpui zawk a, buh kung sang pui pui aiin buh tawi lam tan pek a man hla zawk bawk. Kan buh chin sa, thar hlawk vaklo leh kung sang site hi chu fertilizer pekin an thangduang lutuk a, an tluk phah thin.
All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Project, Hyderabad atanga an hmuh danin buh thar rang, leitha leh sanghet deuha chin chawm nan hectare khata zauvah nitrogen kg 50, phosphorous kg 30, potash kg 30 pe ila a tawk. Chumi pe turin Amm. Sulphate kg 250, DAP kg 60 leh MOP kg 60 pek a ngai. Amm. Sulphate aia Urea kan hman chuan kg 83 leh DAP kg 65 leh MOP kg 60 bawk pek a tawk. Leitha lemlo leh nghet the vaklo a buh thar rang kan chin chuan Nitrogen kg 60, phosphorous kg 30 leh potash kg 30 bawk pek a ngai. Chu chu leitha, Urea kg 140, DAP kg 65 leh MOP kg 50 hmanga pek theih a ni.A tha ber chu Phosphorous leh Potash zawng zawng leh Nitrogen zatve kha leilet kawi hnuhnun ber khalha pek tur a ni. Chu chu lei leh ruala leia leh pawlh tur tihna a ni. Chutah Nitrogen bang la awm kha hmun hnihah inzat chiaha sem leh tur a ni a, a zatve chu buh pen tan tirh teah pek tur a ni. Chu chu a tlangpui thuin phun atanga ni 25 leh 30 inkar vel a ni. Hetih hun hian buh kha a lo nung fel tawh a, kan leitha pek kha a zungin duh angin a ei thei tawh bawk a, a peng a titam duh. Hei hian lei thawl leh leime deuhva Nitrogen pilbo mai tur kha a tikiam thin a, hriat ngei pawh a tul. Chutichuan, Nitrogen bang la awm buh vuih tan ah emaw anih loh pawhin a par lai leh buhrah inhampuar laia pek tur a ni. Chu chu buh phun atanga ni 55 leh 65 inkar vel hi a ni. Buhchi upa deuh kan phun a nih erawh chuan Nitrogen zawng zawng hmun thuma thena hmun hnih emaw, hmun lia thena hmun thum emaw kha buh phun laia pek a tha, a bang zawng chu a hnu ni 25 ah pek leh tur a ni. Lei thawl leh kanglang deuh hmuna buh kan china a pen that vak loh chuan leilet buatsaih laia a zatve kan pek bak kha tum 2 chauhva sem lovin a aia tamah kan sem zai tur a ni. Buh hnah a lo en deuh chuan Nitrogen pek belh a tha ang.
A tha ber chu Phosphorous leh Potash zawng zawng leh Nitrogen zatve kha leilet kawi hnuhnun ber khalha pek tur a ni. Chu chu lei leh ruala leia leh pawlh tur tihna a ni. Chutah Nitrogen bang la awm kha hmun hnihah inzat chiaha sem leh tur a ni a, a zatve chu buh pen tan tirh teah pek tur a ni. Chu chu a tlangpui thuin phun atanga ni 25 leh 30 inkar vel a ni. Hetih hun hian buh kha a lo nung fel tawh a, kan leitha pek kha a zungin duh angin a ei thei tawh bawk a, a peng a titam duh. Hei hian lei thawl leh leime deuhva Nitrogen pilbo mai tur kha a tikiam thin a, hriat ngei pawh a tul. Chutichuan, Nitrogen bang la awm buh vuih tan ah emaw anih loh pawhin a par lai leh buhrah inhampuar laia pek tur a ni. Chu chu buh phun atanga ni 55 leh 65 inkar vel hi a ni. Buhchi upa deuh kan phun a nih erawh chuan Nitrogen zawng zawng hmun thuma thena hmun hnih emaw, hmun lia thena hmun thum emaw kha buh phun laia pek a tha, a bang zawng chu a hnu ni 25 ah pek leh tur a ni. Lei thawl leh kanglang deuh hmuna buh kan china a pen that vak loh chuan leilet buatsaih laia a zatve kan pek bak kha tum 2 chauhva sem lovin a aia tamah kan sem zai tur a ni. Buh hnah a lo en deuh chuan Nitrogen pek belh a tha ang.
Lei nghet leh sakhat deuhah te chuan a tir a Nitrogen kan pek ang hi a ngai lova. Chutiang hmunah chuan Nitrogen pek tur zatve zawng kha buh phun hnu ni 25 leh 30 vela pek tur a ni. A zatve dang chu hmun hniha thenin buh par lai leh a in hampuar laia pek tur a ni. Buh thar rang zualah chuan Nitrogen hmun thuma thena hmun khat leh Phosphorous leh Potash zawng zawng kha buh phun laia pek vek tur a ni a, a la bang zawng chu zat leh zata thenin buh pen lai leh a par laia pek leh tur a ni a, buh thar za zela 75 zet hi a peng atanga thar anih avangin uluk taka enkawl a ngai a ni. Ammonium hmanga Nitrogen pek hi buhin a ngeih bik a, chuvangin Nitrogen kan pek dawn chuan Ammonium anga pek a tha. Chutichuan, Nitrogen kan pek hmasak ber kha Amm. Sulphate emaw Diammonium phosphate (DAP) emaw hmanga pek nise, a hnu lam a mi erawh chu Urea hmanga pek ni leh thung se a tha.
BUH TUH HUN :
Thar rang a ni emaw thar tlai a ni emaw a chin hun a danglam lo. Mizorama kan chin dan deuh chu zo deuh kan neih kumin buh kan tuh hma deuhva, phai leh hmun lum lam deuh ah tlemin kan muang deuh. Leileta tui lak nena chawm tur leh ruah vantla ringa chin turte, phun sawn tur a ni emaw theh tur a ni emaw a chi thlakna hmanga buh chi thlak tur a ni emaw, a chin hun a danglam chuang em em lo. Thil pawimawh tak kan hriat fo tur a awm a, chu chu kan ruahtui dawn dan bawk hi a ni. May thla vela dawng tanin thla nga chhung kan dawng ber a, hemi chhunga puitling hman tura inbuatsaih a, buh pawh thar rang lam kan um fo hi a tul reng a ni tih hriat a tha.
Scientist-te recommend dan chuan Fur Buh (Kharif) tan April thla tawp lam atanga May thla chhung hi buhchi kûi hun a ni. Ruahtui awmdan a zirin June thla tir lam a thleng thei ang. Tuh tur a nih erawh chuan ruahtui tlak tan vela tuh a ni ber a, ruahtui tlak har kum a nih erawh chuan ruahtui khalha lo tuh pawh a theih tho. Mizoramah chuan April leh May thla chhung hi buh tuh hun a ni ber. June thla kai hi chu an duh vak lo. Buh phun sawn tur ka kûi a nih chuan a phun sawn hun hi a thar hma danin a zir hle a, hei hi chhut ngun a ngai. A thar hma zual chu buhchi ni 15 aiin a upa tur a ni lo. A phun sawn hun chu a tir lamah kan sawi tawh kha.
Thlasik buh (Rabi) atan chuan December ni 10 leh 25 vel hi buhchi kûi hun a ni. January thla chhung ngeia phun sawn hman tur a ni. A thar ran dan a zirin a chi upat dan pawh chhut tawh mai tur. Hetiang hun vel bawk hi ruah vantla ringa ching tur tan pawh a chin hun a ni mai. Mizoram ang ruahtui tamnaah chuan fur buhseng zawh veleh hian tuilak nena chawm tur emaw ruah vantla ringa chin tur a ni emaw chhunzawm leh nghal mai a chi ang.
BUH CHI THA LEH THAR RANGTE :
Mizorama chin atana buh thar rang leh hlawk deuh deuh kan sawi dawn a, chumi hmaa kan hriat tul deuh mai pakhat chu buh thar hlawk ni tur chuan leitha leh tui pek ngam tak an nih a ngai, tin, buh kung sang tak a ni tur a ni lo. Chutichuan, thar rang zingah pawh buh kung tawi leh hnah hlai deuh ni se a tha. Kan ruahtui dawn dan hi thla nga chhung a nih ber avangin hemi chhunga a puitlin hman ngeina turin leilet buh leh thingtlang buhte pawh kan ching tur a ni. Hlawk vak lo mahse, thar ranglam hi um ila a tha ang.
Central Seed Committee in Mizoram atana buh thar rang chin tlaka a ngaihte chu :-
1. IR-64 : Ni 115-125 chhunga thar, buhfang sawl (long slender), a fang a var a, a kawr erawhchu buhpawl
rawng a ni a, buh tawi (semi dwarf), a thar hlawk lam pawh hectare khatah qtl. 60-65 lai a ni.
2. Krishna Hamsa : Ni 105-115 chhunga thar, hectare khata qtl. 50-55 thar thei a ni. Buh tha tak a ni.
3. Pant Dhan-12 : Ni 115-120 chhunga thar, hectare khata qtl. 55-60 thar thei a ni.
4. Saket-4 : Ni 110-120 chhungin a thar thei a, a thar hlawk lam chu hectare 1 hmunah qtl. 45-50 inkar a
ni. Buh kung san zawng hi feet 3 aiin a hniam deuh a, a fang chu sin leh sawl deuh a ni. A tlu duh lo hle.
5. Pusa 2-21 : He buh hi ni 105-110 velah a thar, a thar hlawk lam chu hectare 1 a zau ah qtl. 45-50 a thar
thei bawk. Buh kung san zawng hi feet 3 aiin a hniam deuh hlek a ni. Buh fang bial a ni a, a fang lai a var.
Khawvawt a ngam hle a, buh tlu sam lo tak a ni bawk. Tlai taka chin pawhin a tha tho.
6. Kalinga–II : Ni 120-125 chhungin a thar hman a, a thar hlawk lam chu hectare khat hmunah qtl. 30-35 a
ni. Buhfang lian tak a ni a, ram vawt a ngeih viau.
ICAR, Kolasib Centre in Mizoram tana leilet buh thar rang chin tlaka a ngaihte chu:
1. IR-36 : Ni 112-115 chhungin a thar hman a, hectare khat hmunah qtl. 40-45 a thar thei. Feet 3 vela sang
peng duh ve tak a ni a, tui lak leh ruah vantla ringa chin theih a ni. Buhfang sin leh sawl deuh a ni bawk.
2. Prasad : Ni 115-120 chhungin a thar a, hectare khat hmunah qtl. 55-60 inkar a thar thei. Buh kung san
zawng feet 3 vela sang a ni ber a, buh fang sin leh sei deuh a ni a, buh tlu duhlo tak a ni.
3. Krishna : Fur buh anga chinin ni 115 leh 120 inkarah a thar a, thlasik buh anga chin erawh chuan ni
125 atanga 130 ah a thar. A thar hlawk lam chu hectare khatah quintal 40 vel a ni. Tin, tlai deuhva chin chi
a ni.
Heng bakah RCPL 3-8, ni 113 a thar leh Pant Dhan-6, ni 114 a tharte hi a la tel.
Awmze nei zawka tlangram lo neih te pawh kan tumin kan enchhin mek zel a, ICAR, Kolasid Centre in tlangram lo a chin tlak a an ngaih buh thar rang a thlan chhuah te chu :
RCPC 3-7 leh RCPL 3-8 ni 90 a thar thei te, VL 163 ni 92 a thar thei te, IRAT 144 leh IRAT 109 ni 104 a thar te, RCPL 3-5 leh RCPL 3-6 ni 113 a thar thei te, IRAT 141 ni 114 a thar thei te an ni.
Tin, Mizorama chin awm buh thar rang dangte chu Bala ni 100 leh ni 105 inkar a thar, hectare khata quintal 35-40 thar thei te, Cauvery ni 102 leh ni 108 inkara thar, ruah vantla ringa chin a niha hectare khata quintal 30-35, tui lak nena chawm a quintal 45-50 thar thei te, Padma ni 115 chhunga thar hectare khata quintal 40-45 thar thei te leh Pusa 33 ni 120 chhunga thar hectare khata quintal 35-40 inkar thar thei te an ni.
Central Rice Research Institute (CRRI) Cuttack chuan ruah vantla ringa tlangram leh hmun sang deuhva chin chi buh thar rang zual thenkhat recommend a nei bawk a, chungte chu :
1) Kalyani-II : Hei hi ni 62 a thar thei ni a sawi a ni a, a thar hlawk lam pawh hectare khatah quintal 25 a ni. Buh kung san zawng chu feet 3 vel a ni a, hnah hring help hlawp buh fang sei leh lian deuh leh lai var tha tak a ni.
2) Heera : Fur buh atana tuh emaw theh emaw chuan ni 68-70 inkarah a thar thei. Amaherawhchu, kûi leh phun sawn a nihin emaw thlasik buh atana chin a nih chuan chawlhkar khat velin a thar tlai. Heera buh hi buh thar hlawk tak a tling phak. Ruah vantla ringa tuhin emaw thehin emaw hectare khat hmunah quintal 30 a thar thei a, hetianga buh dang chin chuan quintal 10 bak an thar thei meuh lo. Tin, uluk taka kawi, leitha si a chin phei chuan hectare khatah quintal 40-45 a thar thei. Khawkheng a tawrh theih bakah rannung chimawm buh tana hnawksak Gall midge, green leaf hopper leh natna thenkhat buh hmuih, BLB leh RTV an tih lakah te hian a fihlim viau a ni. Heera buh hi sawi tawh angin phun sawn pawhin a chin theih a, mahse, ni 15 aia upa buh chi hman loh tur. Tin, amah hi buh kung tawi te a ni. Aizawl Chite-a enchhin naah ni 100-105 chhungin a thar thei.
3) Sattari : Ni 75 ah a thar thei, hectare khata quintal 30 thar phak, buhkung tawi deuh tak a ni, a fang pawh a bial.
CRRI, Cuttack bawkin-a buh thar rang thenkhat tlangram leh hmun sang deuh a chin atan a recommend zingah :
1) Kalinga-III : Ni 85 a thar buh kung vantlang leh hnah hring tha tak a ni a, buh fang sei leh sin deuh fine rice kan tih chi, khawvawt pawh ngam, ruah vantla ring leh tui lak nena khaw ro lai pawha chin theih a ni.
2) Annada : Ni 105 a thar hectare khata quintal 50 thar phak a ni. Buh kung tawi lam feet 3 aia sang deuh, buh hnah hring leh hlai lam, fang bial lai var hei hawi a ni a, ruah vantla ringa tlangram leh hmun sang deuhva chin theih, tui lak nen phei chuan khaw ro laia chin theih a ni bawk
Thar rang dang Mizorama chin awm tak tak te chu Neela ni 90 a thar, hectare khat hmuna quintal 40 thar thei te, Tara ni 100 a thar hectare khata quintal 45 thar thei te leh Vanaprabha ni 90 a thar hectare khata quintal 30 thar phak te an ni.
Agriculture Department in a enchhin naah chuan Heera, Annada leh Kalinga-III te hi an thar tha hle a, Mizorama chin tlak viauin a lang.
HYBRID RICE :
Hybrid Rice hi a thar hlawk a, a hrisel a, a man pawh a tova, kum tin a chi a thara lak zel angai. Buh thar atanga a chi lo dah]hat ve chi a ni lo, a hmaa kan chin kha a tluk tawhlo zel. Kan ching uar deuh deuh tur a ni. A chanchin hi a hranpa a ziak a ni. Mizorama hybrid buh kan lak chhuahte chu DRRH-1, DRRH-2, KRH-1, KRH-2 te an ni.
TUIPEK :
Buh hian tui a mamawh tam hle a, a mamawh anga a hun taka pek chuan a tharah lukhawng a nei hle. Phun sawn tirh ni 10 chhung hian tui a mamawh tam hle. A pen leh a par chhung hi tui a mamawh zual lai a ni a, hetih chhung hian tui a tlachham tur a ni lo. Hetih chhung rau rau pawh hian a vuih atanga a par chhung hi tui a mamawh zual lai tak chu a ni a, hlo kan thlo hneh a nih chuan chim san tir vak phei chu a ngailo. Tui paiha khung leh thin hi tui chim tir reng ai chuan buhin a ngeih zawk. Tui chim tir hian hnim a chim ral a, thlai chaw thenkhat Phosphorous, Potassium, Calcium, Iron leh Silica te a tih pun ve avangin a tha bawk.
Buh phun hlim kha a nun chian hma chu tui inches 1 atanga inches 2 vel chim tir tur a ni. Chumi hnuah chuan a inhampuar thlengin inches 2 vela thukin tui a chim tir leh tur a ni a, chutah senghma ni 10 atanga ni 15 inkar velah tui paih tur a ni. Hei hi buh ti hmin rang tur leh tirual turin a ]ul a ni. Lei tak leh sanghet deuhvah chuan tui an pawm deuh avangin buh seng hma chawlhkar hnih atanga thum velah tui lo paih lawk tur a ni. Chutichuan, buhin tui a mamawh zual hun chu phunsawn hlim a, a pen vanglai, a tul zum tan tirh atanga a par chhung leh buhfang khal hma te hi an ni.
HLO THLAWH :
Hlo hian ni eng, boruak, tui leh chawte a lo chuh ve avangin thlai tan a hnawk a, thlawhfai a ngai a ni. Chubakah buh tana hnawk rannung leh natnate a tih hluar theih avangin thlawhfai a ngai bawk. Hei vang hian thlai thar a hlawk lova, a quality in a hniam phah bawk thin. A tir lam ni 45 chhung hi buh in hnim a huat ber lai a ni bawk. Mithiam ten kan lo neih dan pangngai angah hi chuan kan tha sen za a 70 zet hi hlo thlawh nan kan hmang a ni an ti. Chutih laiin All India Co-ordinated Research Project, Bhubaneswer Centre chuan fur buh a hun taka thlawh loh chu a thar 100 a 90 thlengin hnimin a tikiam thei niin an sawi. Leileta buh phun sawna kan chin hian hnim hi ngaihmawhawm nep deuh mahse, tuiin a chim reng thei si lova, a chim loh veleh hnim a lo pawng thuai thin.
Buh phun hnu ni 20 ah hlo thlawh tur a ni a, chu chu leitha pek hma nise, a vawihnihna atan buh phun atanga ni 50 leh 60 inkarah thlawh leh tur a ni. Chu pawh chu leitha pek hma bawk ni leh se. Kuta hlo thlawh hi a senso thlakin hlawhfa rawih mante a lo to ta a, chubakah, duh duh hunah hlawhfa an awm lo thei a, ruah sur avangin fur laiin hlo thlawh a har bawk thin. Buh erawh chuan a ngeih ber. Chuvangin, hlo tur hmanga hlo thlawh hi a thain kan chin uar deuh deuh tur a ni. Buh hmunah hian hlo hnah tung leh hnah bial chi hrang a tam mai a, chutianga hlo tur kan hman dawn erawh chuan fimkhur a ngai hle. Hlo tûr thenkhat buhhmuna hman chi a awm a, a mal malin i han sawi diat diat teh ang. Hlo tû r chauh hmanga hlo thlawh chu fai hle mahse, duhthu a sam lova, a bul vel rit dur leh khawih che turin kuta thlawh ve a tha. Uluk taka lei leh leh kawi hi hlovin a awl phah a, thal laia lei leh phei chu a sawt hle.
1) 2, 4D : Hlo hnahbial a ]iah hnua thahna a ni a, leilet leh thingtlang lo a hman theih a ni a, hlo tûr tangkai tak a ni. A dip chi leh a tui chi pawh a awm. A kah dan tawk chu 2, 4D kg 1 leh tui tel tin 10-12 pawlh ila a tawk. Hlo no apiang a hneh awl.
2) PROPANIL (STAM F-34) : Lo hectare khata zau kah nan Propanil litre 8 a tawk a, chu chu tui litre 400 atanga 600 vel a pawlh tur a ni. Kah hmain tui sah phawt tur a ni. Chumi hnu darkar 24 leh 48 ah tui khung leh tur a ni a, buh kungin lei a zar hliah fel thlengin tui chu paih tawh loh tur. Tûra kah hnu darkar 4-6 leka ruah a sur mai chuan duh angin a thawk tha hman lo. Buh phun hnu ni 6 leh ni 7 vela kah tur a ni. A nih loh pawhin hnimin hnah pakhat atanga pathum a neih lai vel hi a kah hun tawk a ni.
3) BUTACHLOR (MACHETE) : Buh hmuna hnim hnah tung leh hnah bial kah nan a tha. Hnim hnah tung kan tih hian phul leh thang ang chi hi a ni. Lei kawi hnu mahse buh phun hma emaw phun hnu deuhva hman tur a ni a, a tuia kah a nih loh pawhin a dip mu deuhva an siam phul tur a ni. Hnim chawr hma ngei a hman tur a ni bawk. Hnim chawr tawh a that thei meuh lo. Hectare khata zauvah litre 5 tui litre 400 atanga 600 a pawlh dala kah a tawk. A dip a nih chuan kg 50 a tawk a, tui in inches 2 vela thukin buh a chim laia phul mai tur. Lei rova phul loh tur. Kan kap dawn anih chuan kah hmaa tui sah kang hmasak a ngai. Buh phun atanga ni 3-na leh ni 5-na velah kah tur a ni.
4) FLUCHLORALIN (BASALIN) : Leia leh pawlh tur a ni a. A tui chi anih chuan tuiin buh inches 2 vela thuka a chim chung khan kah mai tur. A dip anih chuan theh mai tur. A nun thu-ah chuan lei kawi hnuhnun ber hnuah emaw buh phun hnu ni khat atanga ni thum chhung vel ni se a tha. Tin, litre 2 tui litre 400 atanga 600 vela pawlh leilet hectare khat atan a tawk. A dip a nih chuan kg 40-50 a tawk ang.
5) NITROFEN (TOK-E 25) : Hnim tiah hmaa hman tur a ni a, a thi awl hle bawk. Hnim, kum tina a thara lo tiak thin ang ho hi chawlhkar li chhung a veng thei. Buh phun hnu ni hnih leh ni li chhung vela hman tur a ni a. A dip a nih chuan hectare khatah kg 2025 a tawk a, kah tur a nih chuan a tur hlang kg 2 tui litre 400 atanga 600 a pawlh a kah tur a ni. Kah laiin emaw phul laiin emaw lei a hnawng tawk tur a ni. Hei hi hnim hnah bial leh hlai deuh, kum tina lo lang thin ang chi, entirnan; vaihlenhlo leh buar te leh tuidawl ang ho kah nan an hmang. Buh a la no viau chuan a haw ve thei. Tin, nisa leh khawlum tak hnuaiah emaw, khaw vawt tak hnuaiah emaw buhin a haw thei bawk. Hectare khat hmun kah nan 800 gm atanga kg 1 tui litre 600 nena pawlhin a tawk. Buh phun atanga thla khat vel hi a kah hun a ni.
Hlo hnah bial kahna 2,4D, hlo hnah tung leh phul kahna Butachlor, hlo hnah bial leh hnah tung (non selective) tûr leh Glyphosate leh Paraquat leh hlo kahna bur Knapsack sprayer.
6) MCPA : MCPA hi 2,4D ang tak, mahse, 2,4D aia tha a ni. A thawhdan pawh 2,4D aiin buhin a haw lo zawk.
Thlai thuhmun chinna ngaia chin tluk tluk aiin thlai chi hrang hrang tana hunbi mumal taka tukin an chin thlak thin a. Hetiang ruahmanna hi leitha tihek lo tur leh insengso lo zawng ngaihtuah chunga a thar hlawk thei ang ber tur dap chung bawk si a ruahmanna a ni. Sap tawng chuan Crop Rotation an ti.
Tui lak nena kan ching thei dawn a nih chuan buh leh thlai dang engemawzat a chinthlak theih a. Sawi tawh angin buh leh thlai dangte hi hunbi mumal taka ruahman sakna hnuaiah an chin chhawkin an her kual thin a ni. Ruah vantla ringa lo kan nei a nih pawhin kan lo leite chu tui inpaih ral thuai thuai thei leh hnawng pawm rei thei deuh a nih chuan hetiang crop rotation hi a tih theih thova. Buh seng hnuah kawm nei thlai kel-ek chana, lentil leh a dang chin in buh sengna hnu leihnawng ah an lo puitling ve mai. Buh leh thlai dang chin thlak turte chu :
Buh chi tha, hrisel leh thar hlawk certified seed kan ching tur a ni.
Buh phun hmaa hlo tûr kap lai (Pre imergent weedicide)
a) Tui lak nena chawm a nihin
1. Buh
2. Buh
3. Buh
4. Buh
5. Buh
6. Buh
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wheat
Alu
Tel Antam
Wheat
Alu
Motor Chana
-
-
-
-
-
Urd(Black gram)
Wheat
Moong
Moong
Moong
b) Ruah vantla ringa chin a nihin
1. Buh
2. Buh
3. Buh
-
-
-
Motor Chana(Pea)
Lentil
Motor Chana
Kum khatah buh leh thlai dang pahnih aia tam chin kan tum a nih chuan buh thar rang chi thlan a ngai ang. Thlasik boruak a vawh viau loh chuan buh chin zawhah buh bawk a chin leh theih.
BUH TANA RANNUNG CHIMAWMTE LEH A THAH DAN
Buh chin dan kan sawi mek bawk a, rannung chimawm zual buh tichhe thei leh a thah dante i han sawi tel lawk teh ang.
1. Stem Borer : Stemborer chu buh kung ngêt a ni ber mai a, a lungin buh kung a hreuh va, buh zik emaw buh vui emawin a thih phah thin. Buhvui a tihchhiat phei chuan a lo rova, fang nei lovin a lo var vek thin. Lungphur thlahtu ang deuh, phengphehlep hmul thiap thuap hi a thlahtu chu a ni.
A thah dan : Buh hmunah vah vel a, buh zik thi emaw a vuiro emaw te chu za a panga a tlin chuan Furadon 3% hectare khata kg 30 atanga 33 vel emaw Thimet 10% hectare khata kg 10 hisapin tui inches hnih vel a thukin buh a chim laia hman tur a ni. A pek hun chu buh phun atanga ni 20 leh 25 inkarah leh ni 50 leh 60 inkarah a ni.
2. Gall Midge : Hei hian buh kung a bei thin a, chutiang buh peng emaw a kungpui emaw atang chuan purun hnah ang tak hnah mum a lo chawr chhuak thin a, vui a pu ngai lo. He rannung hian buh kung atangin tui a dawt thin a, nasa takin buh a tichhe thei.
Athah dan : Pawi thama buh a tihchhiat dawn chuan Stemborer thah dan anga thah ve mai tur a ni.
3. Gundhi Bug : Hei hi thlangdar rimchhia tereuhte, sei zit zet a ni. A puitling leh no tein buh kung leh a hnah a tui an hip thin. A pawi ber chu buh inhampuar tan, a tui la khal hma si a buh fang atanga a tui a hip thin hi a ni. Thlangdar chet hun hi zing tak leh tlai takah a ni thin. Chutianga buh an beih tawh chuan buh in fang a nei lova, a neih vek pawhin buh fang puitlinglo leh sawng tit tet a ni thin.
Athah dan : Gungdhi bug a lo tam viau a meter khata panga emaw a aia tam emaw a tlin chuan Rogor emaw chlorpyriphos emaw hmanga thah tur a ni.
4. Rice Hispa : Hei hi sephung ang deuh tereuhte a ni a, a dum a ni a, a phaw ah hian tam tak a chawr. Buh hnah chunglam a dit pan a, a hnuai lam pante chauh a zuah thin.
Athah dan : Dimecron 100 EC ml 1⁄2 tui litre 1 a pawlh emaw Fenitrothin 50 EC ml 1 tui litre 1 pawlhin emaw a thah theih.
RATOONING :
Tunhma chuan kan pi leh kan pu ten chhirthluk buh an sawi thin a, a awmzia chu an buh ahna bul kha an rap thlua a bul atanga lo chawr leh kha an enkawl zuia chuta tanga buh lo puitlinga lo vui leh te chu an seng leh thin. Chu chu chhirthluk buh an ti a. Chutiang bawkin fu ah pawh tumkhat kan phun hi phun nawn tawh lovin a bul atanga lo chawr leh thin chu ringin kum nga kum ruk te kan enkawl zui a, a titha deuh phei chuan kum riat thleng an enkawl zui thei. Tiang hi ratooning an tih chu a ni a. Leiletah pawh Scientist ten zirin buhah pawh a hlawhtling hle in an sawi. An enchhinna buh te chu IR-64, Krishna Hamsa leh Sahsarang 1 te an ni a, a thar pawh a hlawk ve em em a ni. Leileta buh ching tuten kan buh bul lo chawr a lo vui hial te pawh kan hmu fo vang, hei hi uluk taka enkawl zui theih a ni. A buha zir a ni a, leitha pek leh thlai venhim hna thawh that erawh chu ngaih pawimawh a ngai ang.
Tractor hmanga leilet lai, mihring leh bawng tha aiin nasa takin a chak a, a thawk tha zawk bawk.
Power tiller hmanga lei dai kawi lai
Lawi nena lei dai kawi lai
Leilet a buh phun tur buh chi upa tawh tak
Leilet a buh phun hlim lan dan.
Buh phun nung tha tawh
BUH SENG
Buh chu a hun taka seng tum tur a ni. Seng tlai avangin a zuva duh a, chubakah a lo ngui mai thin. Seng tlai avang bawk hian thlawh laiah buh fang a til a, a riral duh hle. A hun taka seng erawh chuan buhfai a sawm lova, a tui zawkin hralh pawh a tla zawk.
Buhvui han en vang vanga za zela 80 vel a hminin seng tan nghal mai tur a ni. Buh seng laia ruah sur te hi a tha lo hle a, chuvangin buh kung leh a hnah en thleng nghah a tul lo. Tunlaia buh thar hlawk kan tih ho hi a phun hun a zirin ni 5 atanga ni 15 thlengin a seng hunah a inthlau thei.
Buh seng thu hlaa kan hriat theuh tur leh pawimawh em em chu buh par hnu leh a hma ni 15 chhung hian buhin tui a hmu tam tawk tur a ni. Amaherawhchu, buh fang a lo en tan emaw, seng hun tur nia kan ngaih thlen hma ni 10 atanga ni 15 velah tui kan sah kang vek tur a ni. Hei hi buh hmin chak nan leh buh a hmin rual theih nan a tul a, tui a tlin rei avangin buh a hmin tlaiin a hmin rual thei thin lo.
Table 1 : KUM 6 KALTA 2004-05 ATANGA 2009-2010 CHHUNGA MIZORAMA BUH CHIN DAN LEH THAR DAN
Buh phun nung tha tawh| Sl.No | Year | WRC/Jhum | Area(Ha) | Production (Ton) (Thar zat) | Productivity (Thar hlawk dan) (Ton/Ha) | All India Productivity (Ton/Ha) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paddy (Buhhum) |
(Rice) (Buhfai) |
Paddy (Buhhum) |
(Rice) (Buhfai) |
Rice | ||||
| 2004-05 | Jhum | |||||||
| WRC | ||||||||
| 2005-06 | Jhum | |||||||
| WRC | ||||||||
| 2006-07 | Jhum | |||||||
| WRC | ||||||||
| 2007-08 | Jhum | |||||||
| WRC | ||||||||
| 2008-09 | Jhum | |||||||
| WRC | ||||||||
| 2009-10 | Jhum | |||||||
| WRC | ||||||||
| TOTAL | Jhum | |||||||
| WRC | ||||||||
Note :
1) Jhum hi thingtlang lo a ni a, WRC hi leilet, tui lak nena buh chin sawina.
2) Productivity kan tih hi thar hlawk dan sawina a ni a, total kan dah pawh hi kum 6 average a ni.
3) All India Productivity kum 2007-08 leh 2008-09 a mite hi figure (data) te neih tak tak hmaa lo hisap chhinna (advance estimate) a ni.
India ram pumin kum 2010 atana kan buhfai mamawh zat tur a chhut chu ton maktaduai 100 a ni a, kum 2025 a mamawh tur hisap pawh ton maktaduai 140 zet a ni. Chutihlaiin kum 2006-07 a buh thar zat chu ton maktaduai 93.35 chauh a ni. Hetih hun laia kum 2007-08 atana thar zat tura hisap chu ton maktaduai 96.43 chauh bawk a ni.